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It’s interesting that we now say “What for?” to mean “Why?,” constructed pretty much like “Wherefore?” On the other hand we don’t say “That for!” for “Therefore” — and “Wherefore” and “Therefore” were part of a regular pattern in which you stuck almost any preposition after “where,” “there,” and “here,” to make the equivalent of “preposition+what?,” “preposition+that,” and “preposition+this.” So, “wherein,” “therein,” and “herein,” or “whereupon,” “thereupon,” and “hereupon.” German still does this with da- or dar- (for prepositions with consonants and vowels respectively), like “darüber,” “davon,” “darin,” etc. (with their corresponding “wo-/wor-” and “hier-“ forms), and frankly I think it’s kind of a shame English has mostly lost the pattern.

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We still use “Thence” in aviation charts:)

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FYI Pevear and Volokhonsky use “Get thee hence, Satan!” as well (pg 335). I believe it’s the King James Version translation of a line from the Book of Matthew.

I think Pevear and Volokhonsky’s versions sound odd because Tolstoy sounds that way even in the Russian—same with Dostoevsky—and they preserve a lot of the authors’ own voices. Just like “people in Jane Austen sound odd.”

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Regarding your question about our pronunciation of Karamazov in American English, I would venture that it stems from the Italian pronunciation of the letter Z, and how we inherit that in some words borrowed from Italian such as pizza, piazza, and (perhaps most importantly for this case) mozzarella.

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